منابع مشابه
Working-class royalty: bees beat the caste system.
The struggle among social classes or castes is well known in humans. Here, we show that caste inequality similarly affects societies of ants, bees and wasps, where castes are morphologically distinct and workers have greatly reduced reproductive potential compared with queens. In social insects, an individual normally has no control over its own fate, whether queen or worker, as this is sociall...
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This paper revisits the standard analysis of licensing a cost reducing innovation by an outside innovator to a Cournot oligopoly. We propose a new mechanism that combines elements of a license auction with royalty licensing by granting the losers of the auction the option to sign a royalty contract. The optimal new mechanism eliminates the losses from exclusionary licensing without reducing bid...
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For an outsider innovator in a Cournot oligopoly, royalty licensing could be superior to both fixed fee and auction. The result depends on a simple fact that has been overlooked in the existing literature, namely, the number of licenses can take only integer values. 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. JEL classification: D21; D43; D45
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Imagine—you’ve just been born, and your future looks bleak. After an all-too brief infancy when you’ll be cared for and fed, you’ll be forced into child labour, cleaning a dark and crowded home and caring for your many siblings. You’ll be subsequently put on guard duty to defend your home against vicious intruders. If you survive, you’ll spend the rest of your days searching for tiny bits of fo...
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Sovereignty and governance in contemporary Africa are hotly contested issues with important—even dire—consequences for all those interested in the continent’s markets, resources, people, and welfare. This article focuses not on questions of how authority is assigned or removed but on how it is shaped, worn, and performed for diverse audiences, particularly in the arena of “traditional governanc...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature
سال: 1996
ISSN: 0028-0836,1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/384031a0